Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine 455 Vietnamese subjects' knees. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of patella alta and patella baja and the applicability of the normal range of the Insall-Salvati ratio in the Vietnamese population. The proposed method could reveal diagnostic biomarkers for accurately identifying PFP patients and be an effective addition to clinical diagnosis before surgery and to help plan rehabilitation strategies.Īn abnormal patellar position has been proven to be associated with anterior knee pain and several other conditions that affect the patellofemoral joint. The JCS coordinates with statistically significant difference can serve as key biomarkers of patellar motion when evaluating a patient suspected of having PFP. In particular, the PF during WB30˚(17.62˚, extension) and the PT z during WB0˚(72.50 mm, posterior) had the largest rotational and transla-tional differences (JCS Δ = patients with PFP-controls), respectively. ![]() Tests for statistical significance (p < 0.05) showed that the PF during WB30˚, the PT y during NWB0˚, and the PT z during NWB0˚, WB0˚, and WB30˚showed clear differences between the patients with PFP and healthy controls. Six 3D-landmarks on the patella and femur were used to establish a joint coordinate system (JCS) and kinematic degrees of freedom (DoF) values on the JCS were obtained: patellar tilt (PT,˚), patellar flexion (PF,˚), patellar rotation (PR,˚), patellar lateral-medial shift (PT x, mm), patel-lar proximal-distal shift (PT y, mm), and patellar anterior-posterior shift (PT z, mm). Three-dimensional (3D) CT images were obtained from patients with PFP (12 women, 6 men mean age, 31 ± 9 years mean weight, 68 ± 9 kg) and control subjects (8 women, 10 men mean age, 39 ± 15 years mean weight, 71 ± 13 kg). To better understand the pathophysiology of PFP, we conducted a noninvasive patellar tracking study using a C-arm computed tomography (CT) scanner to assess the non-weight-bearing condition at 0k nee flexion (NWB0˚) in supine, weight-bearing at 0˚(WB0˚) when upright, and at 30(WB30˚) in a squat. Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is commonly caused by abnormal pressure on the knee due to excessive load while standing, squatting, or going up or down stairs. This review may help authors to better understand the characteristics of specific patellofemoral PROMs, in order to select the more appropriate and recommended ones. In addition, PROMs employed in PF literature are often inaccurately chosen. While many PROMs have been found used in patellofemoral research, only few of them have showed sufficient methodological quality. Twenty-two relevant PROMs were encountered, divided into four categories: eight PROMs for anterior knee pain syndrome, five for patellar instability, four for other patellofemoral conditions and five for non-specific PROMs. All types of conditions in the patellofemoral joint were considered. Scoring systems including physician-directed or imagining assessment were not included. ![]() This systematic review explores the available PROMs for patellofemoral conditions, their use and methodological quality.Ī systematic review was conducted, searching for scientific articles relating to PROMs in patellofemoral conditions, from inception to July 2022. ![]() There are a number of available PROMs for patellofemoral conditions, which are often used indistinctly. Patients and surgeons may find it difficult to identify the specific source of the symptoms and clinical scenarios, so patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may be a useful diagnostic aid. Patellofemoral conditions include, but are not limited to, anterior knee pain syndrome and patellar instability.
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